Another thing to do is start with some ground rules in export and import. While the topic can seem a little broad at first glance, importing and exporting can be explained best by starting with the basics. If you are trying to get your head around what to do with all of the information, advice, and statistical data available – but you’ve found no solid starting point – this guide may be for you! Read on to see what I have to say about the TopTen things to look out for when kicking off your own export and import business…

1.Always maintain your integrity, and try to get into a business that you know something about… and enjoy doing. I’m not going to kid you, this can be a very tough business. I’ve probably quit about a half-dozen times while out here in China. It helps a lot to have a personal interest in whatever you’re selling, since motivation can hit an all-time low when you’re back’s against the wall in a deal. The best part of this is the feeling you’ll have when you emerge triumphant!

2.Focus on the customer… under-promise and over deliver. Bad service – it’s everywhere. It can also become your best friend, since so many other companies are willing to go this route. If you’re the one that gains a reputation for being the customer service king or queen, you’ll be in a very good place indeed.

3.Never ever run out of cash. What? You haven’t been reading the headlines since late 2008? There’s a lot of trouble you can get into by using credit recklessly, and my advice is to avoid it altogether every chance you get. Sometimes it’s necessary for security reasons, or to make the conversion or repatriation of currency possible… but you should always back your moves up with cold, hard cash if you want to sleep soundly at night. Harder to do than using credit, but it may save your business in the event of another period of instability in the global market.

4.Hit the books. Whether you opt to take international trade classes at the college level, or just spend a lot of time researching the topic, you’re going to have to learn something in detail before you blast off on some adventure in the wild and often unruly world of foreign trade. Grab a cup of coffee, and find a comfy chair… because you’re going to be reading and researching for some time before you ever reach out to a foreign supplier or government entity. Want proof? Check this out. Instant headache!

5.Personally visit your offshore suppliers or customers, and while you’re at it… visit the trade shows too. I can’t stress this one enough. You must get ample face time in front of your new trade partners, if you even hope to get the best price, best service, and best chance of not getting ripped off! Scams are coming out of the woodwork these days, and it will only get worse before it gets better. If you fall into the trap of believing the stuff on somebody’s website without ever knowing anything about them or making them feel personally obligated to you, then you are asking for trouble.

6.Inspect and approve merchandise before it is shipped. This one kind of ties in with point number 5… but it’s worth giving its own number. If you’re shipping a high-volume load of goods, and you’ve put a lot of money behind it… do us all a favor and take a flight out to wherever you are sourcing from. I know a guy from Africa who supplies uniforms and industrial safety wear to companies in his home country, and he always makes sure he’s the last to personally touch the shipping container before it’s locked up and transferred to the ship. Guess what? He’s never been ripped off since he started doing it. He also reckons he’s made up for the travel expense with the money that wasn’t lost.

7.Take advantage of online resources. Become an online resource. Nothing beats the Internet for ease of information-gathering… but when you become the source of information, the world really opens up to you. This doesn’t mean you need to be an expert in the entire field, but if you begin posting your findings and stories on the Internet, you’ll be amazed at how many others are looking for the same info as you were, back when you were just a noob…

8.Consider hiring an international trade consultant… but don’t neglect to become personally familiar with all monetary transactions. In short, hire the right person for the critical stuff… but make sure you know enough to keep that bean-counter from taking a little skim off the top.

9.Use a trade lawyer for agent and distributor agreements and licensing requirements. Not much more I can say about this one, since the legal stuff is something few of us enjoy sinking our teeth into. Make sure you get the right person for the job, and get updates on what’s going on at all major turning points.

10.Start on a very small scale. My mum used to tell me if I played with fire, I will get burned. Start with a small fire, until your hide gets thick enough to handle the really hot stuff.

With these little nuggets of tried-and-true wisdom, you can feel good about making the move towards expanding your horizons to include the vast array of goods that are available from outside sources. Don’t fear the challenges that lie ahead, and be prepared to do the work required to get yourself up to speed on handling this new operation of yours. If you’re looking at checking out the China market for some wholesale goodies, remember that doing business with China can at times be on friendly terms… and often turn into aggressive ones in a big hurry. Recent financial leverage gained by the PRC has made them the new bully on the block in some regards, and you’ll find that this attitude can manifest itself quite openly at the bargaining table… but you may be surprised to find another bargaining session taking place right before your goods are released to be shipped! Remember the guidelines above, and take a deep breath as you Find it. Source it. Profit!

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Dow Superstore paid JP Communications Inc for advertising through pay pal. Pay pall released the funds into our account and we processed the funds to Dow’s account. We gave Dow Superstore Inc. $1,000 in pay per click funds and we started designing an email for them which cost $800. Services were given to Dow.

A few days later, Pay Pal took money out of our account telling us that Dow was a fraud company and that they did not have any funds in their account.

On July 9, 2009, Dow emailed my company and told me that he sent us $1800 for advertising on Top Ten Wholesale and for our company to design and send an email. Pay Pal cleared the funds and we added $1,000 to his pay per click account and spent hours designing and testing out the email he paid $800 for. 2-3 days later, Pay Pal took the $1800 out of our account and said that the payment Dow sent us was a fraudulent payment. I contacted Dow, and Chris told me it was an error. He then told me that he would have the funds to us shortly and never paid. On August 21st, 2009, Chris told me that he would send us a check for the advertising seeing as that he already used the funds up. Dow never sent the check and he owes JP Communications $1800 for PPC funds spent and time spent on designing, coding, and testing email.

I have had multiple conversations with Chris Dow and one conversation with Jimmy. They both pretended that it was an error and that they would have the funds back to me. On August 21, 2009, I called Chris Dow from www.dowsuperstore.com and he finally picked up the phone. He told me that he would send me a check for $1,000 to start making good on his bill. I was at trade shows most of the month of August and returned on Sept. 2. Dow Superstore did not send the check. It does not take more than 5 business days for a check to get mailed.

If anyone is interested in learning more, I have saved all our email contact so I can prove to you that the owners and others staff members at Dow Superstore Inc. are liars and scam artisits. Here are just some of the email conversations between Chris Dow and myself:

I will call you monday afternoon.

On 8/14/09, Jonathan wrote:

Hello Chris. Please call me and let me know how you plan on settling

your balance. It has now been close to a month.

Thanks you.

—–Original Message—–

From: Chris Dow [mailto:dowsuperstore@gmail.com]

Sent: Thursday, August 06, 2009 10:01 AM

To: Jonathan

Subject: Re: Chris:

Yes. We are doing alright just these issues with paypal put a damper

on our success. We have things in place and we will be clearing the

invoice soon. I will keep you posted

On 8/4/09, Jonathan wrote:

Tell me about it. The funds are coming out of my commission for being

a nice guy and putting a push on the order so I’m hoping we can get

the funds in asap. This is why we don’t like dealing with pay pal and

prefer cc or check.

What else is going on? How’s business? How long has Dow been around for?

You mainly an internet business or is this new for you?

—– Original Message —–

From: Chris Dow

To: Jonathan

Sent: Tue Aug 04 18:52:27 2009

Subject: Re: Chris

No not yet we will know more this week. I will keep you updated. What

a mess paypal caused us.

On 8/4/09, Jonathan wrote:

HI Chris,

Any word from pay pal yet or have you received your amex payment yet?

—–Original Message—–

From: Chris Dow [mailto:dowsuperstore@gmail.com]

Sent: Thursday, July 30, 2009 8:04 AM

To: Jonathan

Subject: Re: Chris

I’m going to see when I get those funds from pp or ill pay it when I

get my merchant amex payment.

On 7/29/09, Jonathan wrote:

Thanks Chris. Let me know how we are going to work this out asap

so I can tell my COO.

In short, publisher, buyers and sellers beware. If he is willing to scam a service provider that helps bring his company business, I can only imagine what he is willing to do to people that buy from him. If anyone has any questions about this company, feel free to contact me.

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It’s always with quite a dose of skepticism that I see huge, publicly-listed companies like Alibaba taking a shot at appealing to the individuals that make up a market that was once too small and insignificant for them to address before.

Sign of the times? You bet. Sign of things to come? You’d better believe it. This is where the rubber meets the road, as those little individual consumers suddenly represent a very powerful piece of market share that was always considered too volatile and easily influenced by uncontrollable factors in the economy. Now that so many companies in the heavy-hitting export sector – not only in China, by the way – have started to gasp for air, the need for innovation is strong, and only the strongest innovators will come out on top.

Does the move to tap the B2C market signal weakness or strength for Alibaba? A lot of people will say that it’s just a logical move to extend coverage, and pick up some slack as their original sales engine slows down… but there’s a lot of other people who are getting nervous about the sheer size of a company like this one taking steps to try to become the one-size-fits-all solution for selling on the Internet. Granted, the Chinese government will undoubtedly continue to pump money into this darling of a company, especially since it consistently ranks high on the list of “China SuperBrands”, and let’s not forget that the company also supports a vast multitude of domestic employees. Also bear in mind that we haven’t hit the 2010 mark yet, and there’s still a lot that can go wrong before the CCP proudly announces its safety-net 8% GDP year-end goal being met. There isn’t a doubt in my mind that this number will be produced, but will it be a case of art imitating reality, or reality imitating art? Numbers are easy to manipulate, and it’s been done more than a few times already.

Should other players in the market, like ebay and PayPal be wringing their hands yet? With the launch of Alibaba’s proprietary AliPay online payment system, I guess it would make sense that the other titans of online sales would be wise to watch this event carefully, but it’s all up to the consumer on this one, and I have seen the truth with my own eyes. While deals can be made with huge distributors and retailers –- all too often to manipulate the market and keep people in the dark about their buying choices — the Internet truly is the great equalizer, and there’s a reason why countries like the PRC employ strategies to censor and control the stream of information that enlightens consumers… and makes corrupt dealers writhe in pain over the education that is freely accessible to all.

Look to sources of information like the ones here at toptenwholesale.com for a chance to see some of the less popular (and perhaps even less-tolerated?) forms of opinion that could be the difference between simply following along with the program you are handed… and making a new program of your own that results in building a business that gives you the control you need to not only profit from your hard work, but maybe even empower you with the ability to deliver the solution to your customers without being part of the problem.

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Have you ever taken a good hard look at a warehouse filled to capacity with… stuff? I have. I remember back in the Winter of 2006, I was working with PANASONIC’s North American Division on some Document Solutions sales projects, and it was never less than a shocking experience to see how the warehouse of one particular dealership was stacked –- nearly to the roof — with junk. We were selling and servicing clients who covered a full spectrum of operations, from SOHO (small/home-based) to enterprise-level… and it simply blew my mind to see what a state of disarray everything was in. Somehow, things got done… but things also got broken, lost, and confused as the orders would come in, and whenever you needed to get your hands on something, the cavernous warehouse defiantly dared you to make an expedition into its inner recesses. I was one of those guys that was gunning for a new warehouse manager ASAP, because I didn’t have the time or energy to figure out how to separate old from new, broken from functional, and treasures from trash.

What’s in your warehouse?

Now it’s the middle of 2009, and we are dealing with an economy that doesn’t know where it wants to be at any particular moment… and customers who are tired of the run-around. Dropshipping is the new industry standard, as wholesalers and even retailers are beginning to see that letting a seller manage the sales, while the manufacturers and distributors can simply route the goods directly to the customer… is a good idea that has finally come to light.

What’s the secret to dropshipping? Is there something you need to know, in order to get in on the action? Not so much, really. There are, however, some steps you might want to take that will give you the advantage when trying to get your operation going in a customer-centric direction, while utilizing dropshipping channels. Here then, is my quick TopTen list of things to know when looking into the dropshipping option:

• Many online wholesale sources are getting keen, and they are improving their interface for ease of use, even for the newbies out there.

• Several of them are also listening more closely, as users report flaws or offer insights… and changes are made accordingly.

• With competition so ferocious, there is an emerging breed of legitimate companies that are going through great lengths to preserve their credibility in their markets.

• A lot of these companies are erasing borders by offering improved services for shipping internationally. There’s about 6 billion people in the world. Some of them should be buying from you, shouldn’t they?

• Membership has its privileges, and many sites are offering some substantial data to their members. Demographic research could be a few clicks away for you.

• Some great customer service is emerging from all of this.

• Efficiency might never be so easy. As this becomes more common, the processes involved will evolve as well.

• Reputation is everything, and many of the sites are quick to showcase their best partners.

• Shipping charges are not your problem any more, in some cases. Competition will make this more common as well.

• You will become more competitive, and your sales will grow as you develop your business over time.

Sounds easy, and maybe even fun. Of course, there are a lot of potential pitfalls out there, and it’s a well-known fact that there are scams aplenty on our beloved Wild, Wild West a.k.a the Internet… but you wouldn’t be reading this if you didn’t appreciate the allure of being rewarded for taking a chance on a venture, would you? One thing’s certain: I wouldn’t be writing this from all the way out in China, if there weren’t some adventure-seekers out there!

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Since we’ve already covered the first point on my list, now it’s time to do what some of us do best… and surf the net for a little while!

- the biggest Trade Fair in China
- the Internet and you
- Networks and Connections (aka guanxi)

Using B2B Websites and Search Engines

Everybody in the industry who knows anything about trade with China is using at least a few of the online resources available to people who want to buy from manufacturers and distributors all around the world. Trouble is, some of the big ones have become so bloated — or rife with scams — that a decline in quality has become apparent to many unhappy users. Take industry giant Alibaba.com for example; this is a company that was hailed as a leading mover and shaker during China’s ‘miraculous’ years, but now has become the target of some rather unscrupulous con artists looking to make a quick buck. Most sites offer a forum to discuss these issues (like this one) but the bottom line is: due diligence. In other words, don’t go grocery-shopping on an empty stomach, or you’ll just end up coming home with a bunch of junk food.

Had enough bad news for one day? Fortunately, there’s a lot of competition in the market, and with the ever-tightening noose around the necks of manufacturers during a global financial downturn, it’s actually getting easier to point out some of the bad guys, as competitors and partners alike are reaching a form of solidarity amidst the peril.

If you want to hit the ground running, try a search engine like our very own www.toptenwholesale.com for a start. Other resources include China’s BAIDU, and of course the venerable Google. Try a little variety in your search term, to get as many relevant leads as possible. Also keep in mind that pay-per-click advertising is still pretty new tech in China (not for long) so looking for those little ads on the sidebar won’t help you as much when sniffing around the Chinese sites. Since Google is the current champ in the search game, try plugging these in to find some additional leads…
- made-in-China
- globalsources
- tradekey
…and see what happens. Grab another cup of coffee, and prepare to spend a little time investigating the possibilities. After you’ve looked at everything the Internet has to offer about search, get ready for tomorrow’s blog… where I will cover some basic things that everyone in the wholesale and retail business should know about making connections and establishing relationships with China.

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Advantages of Online Product Sourcing

· Source merchandise for resale at discounted, wholesale pricing;

· Online bid and auction systems that let buyers set minimum and maximum bids and also receive emailed alerts when their max bid is approached by a new competitive bidder for the same listing;

· Levels the merchandise resale playing field by offsetting bigger manufacturer, wholesaler and distributor competition. Online auction and sales sites increasingly offer products across all categories, for purchase at below-wholesale or returned inventory liquidation prices … that can be purchased in smaller lots or No Minimum order sizes.

Online product sourcing can level the field between small-order eBay sellers, and buyers further up the product supply chain (such as Discount Store suppliers), who have the credit lines, warehouses and infrastructure to buy by the pallet or truckload.

· Legal product sourcing in smaller quantities. Major brands and stores – especially higher-priced luxury goods like Coach leather, or national brand stores with their own labels such as Toys R Us and Target Corporation – have engaged in gray-market legal battles with sites like eBay.

Some resellers at eBay, Amazon.com, Craig’s List and regional Flea Markets were acquiring their inventory in underhanded ways. Methods included buying quantities from major department store chains (Target, Macy’s, Dillards) during store sales … then returning what they didn’t sell at auction within the stores’ 30-day Returns period. Or hoarding higher-priced designer brand handbags, purchased at private Member Sales, which then showed up at online auction sites or urban street fairs. This produced brand manager nightmares and provoked aggressive trademark lawsuits, plus pressure on sites like eBay to exclude “gray-market” listings.

However, increased availability of auction sites that offer legal store returns and liquidation lots, or No Minimum Order options, is helping to legalize the product supply chain.

Auction Sites By Product Category

Search Top Ten Wholesale’s network and directories of global manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors and resellers in 50+ different merchandise categories.

· Search for Auctions at Top Ten Wholesale …

· Or refine your search by a product category, such as TTW Electronics

See the site search page at http://www.toptenwholesale.com and click on one of over 50 Wholesale Keyword products categories (ABC – Apparel, Body Jewelry, Cellular – to TVW – Trade Shows, Videos, Watches).

Sites By Product Source & Price

GENCO Marketplace has an established industry track record for supplying store returns, overstocks and seasonal returns to liquidation and store retailers … generally through direct and online sales by the truckload or multiple pallets. GENCO Marketplace moves over $5 Million worth of merchandise every day through such re-sale channels in product categories ranging from Electronics and Apparel to Housewares and Tools. Many of these large liquidation lots feature online manifests, so that buyers know what they’re purchasing.

No Better Deals (GENCO

New from GENCO Marketplace is a bargain shopping site – No Better Deal . No Better Deal brings new and returned merchandise deals to consumers, bargain hunters, online auction resellers and flea market merchants … with the discount/liquidation prices formerly available only to big lot buyers. Clearance priced merchandise with no order minimums.

BidZ.com

Bidz.com features live auctions focused on jewelry, electronics and eyewear. Live Auction product sourcing 24 / 7.

Via Trading

Via Trading features one-stop online product sourcing – closeouts, overstocks, returns — for electronics, general merchandise and tools … with No Minimum Orders.

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How Not to Resell Return Merchandise

While it’s not clear who is the true “perp” in this resale story from only weeks ago, the situation hit regional television news and consumer protection groups. Everyone up and down the product supply chain took a hit to brand and reputation. The end retailer, discount clothing chain Burlington Coat Factory, is trying to make it right.

This Case of the Faux Designer Men’s Coats unraveled when a customer in a Connecticut Burlington Coat Factory store peeled off the second label on his designer brand Perry Ellis coat. Whooops. The coat was a resale item from non-designer Wal-Mart.

Although a real Perry Ellis coat would cost approximately $200, and Burlington Coat Factory was selling the re-labeled Perry Ellis for less than $70, this customer did not feel like a smart shopper: the original Wal-Mart fake Perry Ellis sold for barely $30.

Now it gets complicated – After a Connecticut TV station called out all but one Burlington Coat Factory location in the state selling fake designer coats by sticking a new label on the old label, it was discovered that the faux Perry Ellis’ were really a private Macy’s brand (made by George and Amalfi) that hit the Returned Merchandise marketplace. Burlington Coat Factory blamed its wholesale supplier … who claims to hold legitimate rights to the Perry Ellis and Joseph Abboud labels (so why counterfeit them?) and who, in turn, blamed a “rogue employee” for the mis-labeled coats.

As the finger-pointing and blaming continues, end retailer Burlington Coat Factory decided to face the music, guilty or innocent. Burlington pulled the entire coat shipment from all stores, nationwide. The fake-label story hit Connecticut TV, Consumerist Reports and a few activist blogs. To make it right, Burlington Coat Factory now offers all the money back for faux PE coats, plus a coupon for 20% off.

Re-Label, De-Label, Resale Restrictions

As noted above, buying liquidation and return merchandise can help resellers, retailers and auction powersellers source branded merchandise at off-price discounts, to hold profit margins stable. Note that there are resale and brand restriction agreements that contractually bind “End Resellers” when they move wholesale liquidation and returned merchandise.

Defacing and De-labeling.

Signed agreements governing merchandise sourced from a department store or chain retailer for resale generally cover protecting the brand of the original retailer. That means de-labeling. One method is to deface brand labels, original retailer identification and/or UPC codes:

De-labeling requirements protect the reseller as much as the original retailer or brand: If you purchased a lot of returned private label clothing, originally from department store returns, and then resold the clothing at half-price discounts – but failed to remove all identifying labels – one of your customers may try to return the apparel to the original retailer for a full price credit. The original retailer is out and you, as End Reseller, may be sued for breach of reseller contract.

Other Resale De-labelling Requirements.

Target Corporation — a nationwide department store retailer of clothing, footwear, jewelry, electronics, sporting good and toys – has designated the following “Delabeling and Defacing Agreement for Target Salvage Merchandise” (originally posted to WholesaleU Blog in June 2008 by Robert Cyr: Liquidation Merchandise – Reselling Restrictions?): · All warranty cards to be discarded and destroyed · If warranty is included with product information, the warranty section must be removed with exception of sewn in labels · All tags of clothing, both Target and licensed brands to be removed with exception of sewn-in labels · Black out all sewn in labels · Discard all hang tags and tags · Remove all Target brand products from boxes and packaging from the Target box unless packaging is necessary for the product · Black out all UPC codes · Black out all reference to the Target name

Geographic Resale Restrictions.

Some Reseller Contracts prohibit resale of the merchandise within a certain territory that overlaps with the original retailer or brand merchant. Kmart big box retail stores, for example, restrict resale of Kmart liquidation merchandise within a 50-mile radius of any Kmart store. Such geographic restrictions would work against liquidation resellers in large urban centers, and in favor of rural areas, where big retail stores are more dispersed.

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From the GENCO Marketplace point of view – as early providers of “reverse logistics” services (liquidation, recovery value) on returned or distressed goods – a lot has changed since 1992.

Here’s a perspective on how far the liquidation business has come and how current changes improve and impact salvage buyers today.

–Top Ten Wholesale Blog Editor

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Changing Times in Merchandise Liquidation
By GENCO Marketplace
B2B Wholesaler of Distressed Inventories

GENCO Marketplace, which liquidates more than $5 Million worth of product every day, began offering liquidation services in 1992 to reverse logistics customers, who wanted to maximize recovery value on their returned goods.

Back then, the priority for companies was simply getting rid of their distressed merchandise as fast as possible in order to empty the warehouse and cut costs. “Liquidation” may have been accomplished back then in parking lot sales to employees or simply destroying the goods.

For many of GENCO Marketplace’s early customers, we offered a new revenue stream. They were happy with even a small return on their distressed inventory.

How things have changed!!

Today, liquidation is a business. Companies now have budget targets for liquidation revenue and they’ve developed sophisticated programs to maximize recovery value, while minimizing overhead costs.

A few of the changes we have seen over the years, and how those changes are impacting salvage buyers, include:

Internet As Prime Channel. At one time in the recent past, the primary buyers of salvage were discount retailers, flea marketers and brokers. Today, a legion of Internet-based businesses has entered the fray, including eBay power sellers. The Internet has become a prime channel for moving liquidation merchandise.

· For buyers of liquidation merchandise, this means more competition for product and escalating prices. Retailers who formerly liquidated only by the truckload are now conducting Internet auctions for some of the same goods. While you may pay more for loads, increased demand in the secondary market allows you to charge more and make a fair profit.

· Overall, the Internet has been a positive force in the industry, by expanding the market for returned and closeout merchandise.

· On the flip side, Internet as prime liquidation channel has also invited rogue practices. For example, some businesses simply “flipped” loads without ever taking possession. (They found a load for sale online and, before buying the load themselves, they may attempt to sell it online for a profit.) But, after executing a sale, those businesses may learn that the product they “sold” is, in fact, no longer available for purchase.

In instances like the above example, we’ve seen “flippers” purchase a similar load and misrepresent it as the load originally offered. To avoid such rogue practices, you should deal only with sources of supply you know and trust.

Lower Risk From More Visible Load Content. Buyers once purchased mixed loads of various commodities, and they had to wait for delivery to see exactly what they’d purchased. Today, sophisticated liquidators publish online manifests that list products, descriptions, volumes and original value for all items in the load.

These manifests eliminate much of the risk associated with purchasing loads “blind.” Buyers should take advantage of this visibility to know what you’re buying, in advance.

Changed Buying from Higher Freight Costs. Higher freight costs are squeezing profits, translating to less margin for error on load purchases. Buyers used to be willing to gamble more on liquidation loads; but, today, few buyers purchase goods located on the other side of the country. It’s best to find sources of supply with locations near yours, or work with a large liquidator who locates multiple warehouses throughout the country.

Decreased Profit Margins on Electronics Loads. Electronics loads used to be more profitable. Today, retailers and manufacturers are more likely to cherry pick high-quality products from electronics loads, diminishing the load’s value. Also, because the next generation of products are introduced so rapidly, electronics products devalue quickly. So, loads must be remarketed and sold in a hurry … or profits are jeopardized.

Future Trend in Liquidation Merchandise

Economic recession is pressuring retailers. They’re both smarter and more cautious about purchases. This trend is likely to decrease the supply of returns and closeouts, which may increase liquidation load prices.

The only certain predictions we can make:

· The supply of liquidated goods will constantly change based on market demand for particular products, and the specific strategies of retailers and manufacturers.

· The most successful liquidation merchandise buyers are the ones who best adapt to this ever-changing business.

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